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Solid converter pdf full mega
Solid converter pdf full mega










While they have been contested by customary land users, smallholders, civil society organizations, and even government regulators, their displacement and transformation of Southeast Asia's rural landscapes will likely endure for quite some time.

solid converter pdf full mega

Th ey emerged in Southeast Asia under European colonialism in the nineteenth century and have expanded again since the 1980s at an unprecedented scale and scope to feed global appetites for agro-industrial commodities such as palm oil and rubber. Mega-plantations require the application of large amounts of capital and political power and the transnational organization of labor, capital, and material. Following the characterization of megaprojects as displacement, we defi ne mega-plantations as plantation development that rapidly and radically transforms landscapes in ways that displace and replace preexisting human and nonhuman communities.

solid converter pdf full mega

This article reviews a wide body of literature on the emergence and expansion of agro-industrial, monoculture plantations across Southeast Asia through the lens of megaprojects.












Solid converter pdf full mega